Carrier detection of phenylketonuria in Iranian families by variable number tandem-repeat polymorphism analysis

This study of Iranian families assessed the usefulness of carrier detection of phenylketonuria by variable number tandem-repeat [VNTR] polymorphism analysis. We studied 171 people [45 unrelated PKU subjects, and their parents and unaffected siblings]. Of 342 chromosomes [131 non-PKU and 211 PKU], 5 VNTR alleles were identified. This VNTR system would yield a polymorphism information content of 66%, comparable to that in Europeans and higher than in Chinese. Carrier detection by segregation analysis of VNTR was informative in 89.5% of siblings. We conclude that this polymorphism is highly informative in carrier detection of PKU in the Iranian population

Pattern of resistance to beta-lactams in E. Coli isolated from urinary tract infections in Iran

A total of 385 urine specimens from suspected urinary tract infections were subjected to bacteriological analysis and susceptibility testing at a major university hospital laboratory in Tehran. A battery of eight beta-lactam antibiotics, commonly prescribed in Iran, and three third-generation cephalosporins [ceftazidime, ceftriaxone and ceftizoxime] that are usually reserved for limited use in the hospital setting were tested against E.coli urine isolates, using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. E. coli was the most common isolate from both the inpatient [37.8%] and outpatient [30.5%] populations. The susceptibility testing revealed a high degree of resistance to oxacillin, ampicillin, amoxycillin, carbenicillin and cephradine. Furthermore, a marked difference in the sensitivity/resistance ratio between the inpatient and outpatient populations was observed. The E.coli isolates exhibited the highest rate of resistance to oxacillin, ranging from 49.4% in the outpatients to 81.6% in the inpatients. The frequency of the isolate resistance to first-generation cephalosporins was less widespread. Despite the absence of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins among the outpatient isolates, a significant resistance to ceftazidime [9.6%] and ceftriaxone [8.8%] was observed among the outpatient bacterial isolates. The susceptibility testing of the E.coli isolates to a combination of amoxycillin and c1avulanic acid revealed 6.9% resistance among outpatient and 12.5% among inpatient isolates. These results are particularly significant in that this study was performed immediately before the introduction of Co-amoxyclav to the Iranian drug market and can be served as a basis for monitoring the spread of resistance to this drug in Iran